The Focke-Wulf Fw 190D was the final mass-produced variant of the successful Fw 190 fighter family. Although often viewed as a late-war innovation, its development began early, driven by the need for German fighters to match high-altitude, turbocharged Allied bombers. Initial high-altitude projects using turbocharged radial engines (Fw 190B) and inline engines (Fw 190C with DB 603) suffered from technical problems and remained prototypes.
Real progress came with the improved Junkers Jumo 213 inline engine. The first prototype appeared in September 1942, but fitting the new engine shifted the center of gravity forward, making the aircraft unstable. Designers solved this by lengthening the fuselage and increasing the vertical tail area, while keeping changes minimal. After years of testing and discarding unsatisfactory early versions (D-0, D-1, D-2), the Fw 190D-9 with the Jumo 213A entered production in August 1944.
Later subtypes evolved quickly. The D-11 and D-13 reached limited production, powered by the more advanced Jumo 213F with a two-stage, three-speed supercharger. The final planned version, the D-15, used the refined DB 603 engine but only one prototype was completed before the war ended.
An estimated 1,500–1,700 Fw 190D aircraft were built, of which about 900 were taken into Luftwaffe inventory, though fewer reached combat units due to the collapse of Germany’s wartime logistics.