The intervention in Iraq in 2003, also known as the Second Gulf War, from a purely military point of view, was a complete success. However, almost immediately after its official end in May 2003, many problems began to pile up before the American units. First of all, the American command engaged significantly fewer forces in the Second Gulf War than in the conflict of 1990–1991, which resulted in the inability of these forces to fulfill their cleaning and "occupation" tasks. This in turn meant that for the first week after the end of the war in Iraq, there was far-reaching administrative and organizational chaos, which facilitated the seizure of weapons (often abandoned by the regular Iraqi army) by all types of partisans, terrorist organizations, and all kinds of organizations opposing the presence of foreign troops. in Iraq. It is worth adding that after May 2003, the entire Iraq was divided into four zones: northern, central, south-central, and southern, where coalition troops composed of Americans, British, Poles, and soldiers from many other countries were stationed. The so-called process of normalization and stabilization of Iraq. The civil administration of Iraq, in turn, until June 2004, was in the hands of the American diplomat Lewis Paul Bremer. From that moment on, it passed into the hands of the Iraqi interim government headed by Iyad Allawi. However, realistically speaking, in 2003–2011 there was a guerrilla war in Iraq, which destabilized the country and hindered any modernization or democratic processes. In its course, American troops lost about 3,500 killed and about 52,000 wounded. The lowest number of Iraqi civilians killed is about 23,000; the highest estimate is hundreds of thousands of people.